NFKB1 and infection: The response to infection/inflammation includes: 1) decreased GSH levels by oxidative stress; 2) NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation; 3) elevation of NF-κB activity in nuclei due to increased abundance of Trx1 (NLS-hTrx1) and reduction via Ref-1; 4) increased cytokine gene expression by NF-κB and enhanced immune response; 5) decreased oxidative inactivation of NF-κB due to enhanced elimination of nuclear H2O2 by Trx1-dependent Prx-1 and Prx-2; 6) excessive stimulation of NF-κB activity; and 7) increased morbidity and mortality from excessive immune response.