One of the more important findings of this work was that PVT1 effects on expression of FN1, COL4A1, and PAI-1 may be mediated independently of TGFB1, a well-known profibrotic factor which promotes tissue fibrosis by upregulating genes encoding ECM proteins in response to hyperglycemia [20]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to Hyperglycemia.