PIK3CA and endometrial carcinoma: In addition, type 1 endometrial carcinomas are characterised by mutations in PTEN, PIK3CA, KRAS, and β-catenin, along with microsatellite instability; type 2 endometrial carcinomas are characterised by genetic alterations in p53, HER-2/neu, p16, and E-cadherin (Llobet et al, 2009).