Ultimately, 16 of the 20 human epilepsy-associated candidate genes (ARX, CACNA1A, CACNA1H, CACNB4, CHRNA4, CHRNB2, CLCN2, GABRA1, GABRG2, KCNQ2, KCNQ3, LGI1, NHLRC1, SCN1A, SCN1B, and SCN2A) and both of the mouse model genes (CACNA2D2 and CACNG2) were either excluded (with linkage) or demonstrated insignificant association to IE in all four of the breed cohorts. This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1A and epilepsy.