IL11 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Among the few upregulated mRNAs (Table 5), IL11 was the most increased (>4-fold), followed by inhibin-βA, IL6, and TGFβ2. However, IL-11 was not detectable in both DMD and healthy sera, whereas measurements of inhibin-βA and TGF-β2 revealed no difference between DMD and healthy sera (inhibin-βA: control 256.0 ± 61.0 pg/mL; DMD 237.0 ± 74.0 pg/mL; TGF-β2: control 123.0 ± 91.0 pg/mL; DMD 117.0 ± 54.0 pg/mL; differences not significant), thus pointing out that their effect could be exerted only locally in the bone microenvironment in response to systemic factors.