Hence, the micromolar concentration of KAAD-cyc required to block SUM149 cell proliferation here is much higher than that typically required to inhibit Hh-pathway activity, suggesting a SMO-independent off-target inhibitory effect as has been suggested for its in vitro growth inhibitory effects on other cancer cell lines (Yauch et al, 2008; Zhang et al, 2008). The gene discussed is SMO; the disease is cancer.