Aberrant activation of GLI1 expression might arise from a number of possible mechanisms with both canonical Hh-pathway-dependent (Rubin and de Sauvage, 2006; Yauch et al, 2008) and non-canonical Hh-independent (Lauth and Toftgard, 2007; Jenkins, 2009) activation of GLI1 reported for different cancers. This evidence concerns the gene GLI1 and cancer.