While we do not rule out a role for the MUC-1 protein in the breast cancer angiogenic process; indeed it would mediate actions of NDPK acting directly and as such fits with our overall hypothesis regarding the importance of sNDPK; the effects of sNDPK we have measured are best explained by its action as a generator of purinergic agonist. This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and breast carcinoma.