Yet, we suggest that the -485C/T SNP detected in red-fronted lemurs affects IL4 gene transcription in a similar way: decreased IL4 mRNA and thus decreased IL-4 protein levels in T/T individuals could thus contribute to higher nematode infection intensities as IL-4 is known to play an important role in enteropathic expulsion of nematode worms and increases mucosal permeability after infections [31-34]. Here, IL4 is linked to infection.