Comparison of such tissue specific reporter mice after Listeria infection with the “global” IFN-β reporter mouse (IFN-β+/Δβ-luc) by whole body in vivo imaging demonstrated that T- and B-cells did not have any apparent impact on the IFN-β production after infection by L. monocytogenes (Fig. 5A). Here, IFNB1 is linked to listeriosis.