Our data hint towards a model were Smad4 dependent KRT18 and KRT23 up-regulation and KRT8 down-regulation mediates a tumor suppressor effect presumably by playing a role in supporting the induction of the epithelial phenotype observed upon Smad4 reconstitution, which was also accompanied by an up-regulation of the invasion suppressor E-cadherin [32]. Here, SMAD4 is linked to neoplasm.