In contrast to some recent data describing that the recovery of polyfunctionality, proliferation and cytotoxicity does not occur to the same extent in aviremic subjects on ART initiated during the chronic phase of the infection as in LTNPs [19], our results demonstrate the presence of strong polyfunctional HIV-1-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses associated with low perforin expression in HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cells in LTTS. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.