The first cluster was composed of genes that were over-expressed (VEGFA, ARAF, BRAF, OPN, MMP2, KRAS, NRAS, TGFβ1, AKT1, HRAS and TIMP1) and the second cluster contained genes that were equally or under-expressed (EGF, RKIP/PBP, FGF2, EGFR, RAF1, CDKN2D, TP53, CDKN2A, MMP9 and MKI67) in TCC vs. normal tissue. Here, AKT1 is linked to tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome.