BRAF and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: These studies have provided the proof-of-principle for the use of BRAF inhibitors in melanoma, and raise the possibility of using targeted small molecule therapeutics like PLX-4032 in the treatment of PXA and GG, particularly in the setting of recurrence or in cases where noncytotoxic chemotherapy can serve as an adjuvant treatment to permit resection of complex lesions [56].