AIF1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): We found that the anti-inflammatory effects of CR in the CT-2A astrocytoma were associated with (i) reduced nuclear NF-κB activation and subsequent DNA binding to promoters of proinflammatory genes, (ii) reduced COX-2 and AIF-1 expression, (iii) reduced CD68 and MIP-2 expression.