EIF2AK2 and infection: Productive infection results in the accumulation of viral components, for example, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or virion structural proteins, which are recognised by host surveillance proteins such as interferon inducible, dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR, EIF2AK2) [1] and PKR-like ER kinase (PERK, EIF2AK3) [2].