PTGS2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Moreover, many apoptosis-related, adhesion molecular-related, and inflammation-related proteins, such as activating protein-1 (AP1), survivin, Ras and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), signal transducer, and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) as well as caspase-1, play important roles in HNSCC carcinogenesis [24–28].