DAPK1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Hypermethylation in CCA has been reported in tumour suppressor genes related to cell cycle (p16, 14–3–3σ, p73, p14, p15), apoptosis (DAPK, SEMA3B) and cell adhesion (APC, E-cadherin, TIMP3, THBS1) (Lee et al, 2002; Tannapfel et al, 2002; Tischoff et al, 2005; Yang et al, 2005; Chinnasri et al, 2009).