Moreover, information about pathways regulating the ability of MDM2 to inhibit p53 may provide insight into the pathology of some congenital birth defects (e.g. Treacher Collins Syndrome) or chronic human diseases (e.g. Parkinson's disease) for which there is growing evidence that heightened p53 activity in neuronal cells may be an important contributing factor [65], . Here, MDM2 is linked to Treacher-Collins syndrome.