INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: The present study, which was conducted in 257 children (from 2 to 16 years) (Table 1) with new onset type 1 diabetes, did not find a direct correlation between stimulated C-peptide and the PTPN22 variant (Figure 1A), but suggests an association between carriers of the T allele and high proinsulin throughout the first year after disease onset (Figure 1B).