TF and cancer: This TF-targeting fVII-tPDT could have therapeutic potential for the treatment of other chemoresistant cancers, as all tumours, including chemoresistant tumours and leukaemia, do need and have neovasculature (Bairey et al, 2000; Michaelis et al, 2009), in which TF is expressed by tumour VECs and/or cancer cells (Andoh et al, 1987; Bauer et al, 1989; Callander et al, 1992; Hair et al, 1996; Shoji et al, 1998; Hu et al, 1999; Hu and Garen, 2000, 2001).