In addition, TF is overexpressed in cancer cells and cancer stem cells in solid tumours (Callander et al, 1992; Shoji et al, 1998; Hu et al, 1999; Hu and Garen, 2000, 2001; Fernandez and Rickles, 2002; Forster et al, 2006; Milsom et al, 2007) and leukaemia (Andoh et al, 1987; Bauer et al, 1989; Hair et al, 1996). Here, TF is linked to cancer.