Motoneurons in the spinal cord strongly expressed thereceptor for G-CSF, and transgenic overexpression of G-CSF in the CNS improvedoutcome [50].Parallel to its functions following cerebral ischemia, G-CSF may act as endogenousneuroprotective factor on motoneurons in neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and neurodegenerative disease.