TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: The basal production of TGF-β and TNF-α in non-stimulated monocytes from controls (Figure 2A and 2B, respectively) or SLE patients (Figure 2C and 2D, respectively) was not statistically different, and neither apoptotic Jurkat cells alone, monocytes incubated with live Jurkat cells, or live Jurkat cells alone, produced and/or induced TGF-β (Figure 2A and 2C) and/or TNF-α secretion (Figure 2B and 2D).