With the advent of improved methods of DNA sequencing, it was demonstrated that BRAF is frequently mutated in melanoma (27 to 70%), papillary thyroid cancer (36 to 53%), colorectal cancer (5 to 22%), cholangiocarcinoma (22%), ovarian cancer (30%), and a small minority of lung cancer patients (1-3%) [70-75]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.