TRPV1 and inflammatory bowel disease: The TRPV1-positive innervation of the mucosa in the rectosigmoid colon is increased in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome as well as in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease who continue to complain of irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms (Yiangou et al., 2001; Akbar et al., 2008, 2010).