TNF and congestive heart failure: Using the bioinformatic analysis from the http://www.pubgene.org program, we showed, in Figure 3 that the molecules newly associated with chronic heart failure (gray ovals), are linked to each other in terms of expression and/or function (black thick lines), and to a number of molecules, namely Norepinephrine, Endothelin-1, IL-1A, Galectin-3, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 [13], which play a key role in CHF (white ovals).