IL18 and congestive heart failure: Interestingly, the cytokines that were identified in the present study are part of a gene network of expression/function regulation that link them to Norepinephrine, Endothelin-1, IL-1A, Galectin-3, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 [13], which are molecules associated with chronic heart failure [1,4,7,10,11,17,18]; thus we hypothesize that IL-5, IL-7, IL-9 and IFN-γ are part of signaling cascades that contribute to the development and/or progression of chronic heart failure.