These cells can be induced to synthesize TF by a wide variety of stimulating agents or conditions that are of pathophysiological importance in sepsis (Table 1).10,30–39 Of particular relevance are, besides micro-organisms and their products (LPS, the most powerful TF inducer and a major player in Gram negative sepsis; peptidoglycan and lipotheicoic acid, involved in Gram positive sepsis, and several exotoxins), the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,10,33–35 and the more recently discovered high mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1),39 which will be discussed later. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Sepsis.