Hence, whereas the presence of IgH/BCL2 clones is frequent in HCV-infected patients, especially when associated to MC, the translocation was not shown to be any more frequent among HCV-infected NHL patients than among HCV-negative NHL patients.55–57 This finding suggests that IgH/BCL2, which is present at a low frequency in healthy subjects,58 may be amplified by a bystander effect due to a non specific stimulation of the immune system rather than being an additional oncogenic hit that leads to malignant transformation. Here, BCL2 is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma.