APP and Alzheimer disease: Consistent with this idea, the human amyloid precursor protein (hApp) and human ubiquitin-B (hUbb) genes both have coding-region GAGAG hotspots, and the frame-shifted proteins (hApp+1 and hUbb+1) have been found associated with the neuritic plaques, neuropil threads, and neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) [17, 18].