ALB and asthma: The investigation also builds upon more recent mouse models of HDI and TDI asthma, which developed techniques for effectively delivering isocyanates (as mouse albumin conjugates) to the lower airways; thus overcoming technical challenges imposed by species difference between humans and mice ("scrubbing" action of nasal cavities and obligatory nasal breathing of mice), as well as respiratory tract irritation/toxicity by organic solvents (acetone, toluene) typically used for diluting isocyanate [15,22,31,34-37].