AKT1 and cancer: CICs have unique properties from the majority of the particular cancer (often called bulk cancer) as they can be both quiescent and also resistant to chemotherapeutic and hormonal based drugs, often due to their increased expression of proteins involved in drug transport as well as PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway [89, 193, 194, 197-200, 224-226].