Also, the reason why we chose TNF-α among the various cytokines secreted by co-cultured-astrocytes is that the TNF-α produced by astrocytes plays multiple roles in the development of neurological disorders [40] including MS [26] and EAE models [52,53] and the induction of other inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6 etc. and chemokines [42]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.