CHL1 and cancer: In total, a statistically significant decrease of CHL1 expression was found in breast cancer - 71% (45 of 63 cases), colon - 48% (23 of 48), rectum - 50% (14 of 28), thyroid - 69% (11 of 16), kidney - 75% (21 of 28) and small intestine – 67% (6 of 9) cancers.