A significant decrease (from 3 to 302-fold) of CHL1 mRNA was detected in 87% (26 of 30, P<0.01) of CC-RCC specimens and 89% (8 of 9, P<0.02) of pRCC specimens with LDav (geometric mean of LD) equal to 18 and 19-fold respectively (Fig. 3, C). The gene discussed is CHL1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.