In addition, we have presented novel findings on the effects of sorafenib on non-angiogenic targets that include proteins involve in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and survivin, which may contribute to the overall clinical activity of sorafenib in RCC, in addition to inhibition of both the AKT and ERK signalling pathways downstream of VEGFR and PDGFR. Here, BIRC5 is linked to renal cell carcinoma.