VEGFA and neoplasm: These data are in line with preclinical findings showing that resistance to VEGF pathway inhibitors could occur through VEGF-independent mechanisms, such as the upregulation of other proangiogenic factors (Crawford et al, 2009; Ferrara, 2010), the cooption of existing vessels or the selection of resistant tumour cell clones (e.g., for the lack of p53; Crawford & Ferrara, 2009).