PTGS2 and prostate carcinoma: Human and animal, in vitro and in vivo, studies have proposed distinct cellular/molecular mechanisms to explain the chemopreventive effects of this group of compounds, particularly in prostate cancer, which includes the expected reduction of inflammation as a result of COX-2 inhibition, as well as other dependent or independent pathways, such as apoptosis induction, inhibition of cell growth, angiogenesis suppression, induction of cell cycle arrest, inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) expression, or through other components, namely, of the immune system [30–35].