While TNFR1 seems to play a relevant role in control of viral replication in the CNS when HSV-1 is inoculated by the intracranial route, TNF-α seems to protect against encephalitis by a mechanism independent of TNFR1 when HSV-1 is inoculated in the periphery [12]. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and encephalitis.