In other in vivo animal models of inflammation where Nod2 deficient mice have been studied, the role of Nod2 deficiency has varied, with some models showing deficient mice having increased inflammation, e.g. ovalbumin antigen-specific induced colitis [58] or Helicobacter hepatics induced inflammation [59]), and other models showing deficient mice having decreased inflammation (e.g. the Salmonella model of colitis and infection models including Listeria, Staphylococcus and Legionella[17], [57], [60], [61]). Here, NOD2 is linked to infection.