However, the discovery of IL-23 and IL-17 and the recognition of the new IL-23/Th17 axis in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases [7], [8] have led to reconsider the role played by cytokines other than IL-12, such as IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1β, that are mainly produced by activated accessory cells and APC, particularly DC. This evidence concerns the gene IL23A and autoimmune disease.