For the first time, we showed that MCP-1 expression is robustly downregulated by ∼59% in RPE from AMD patients compared with non-smoker controls (41.2±0.8 versus 100.0±10.2%, p<0.01) (Figure 1).These findings suggest that MCP-1 might play an important role in the pathobiology of AMD. Here, CCL2 is linked to age-related macular degeneration.