SPP1 and colorectal carcinoma: In an independent set of tissue microarrays, we examined two highly-ranked genes (LEF1 and SPP1) as surrogate biomarkers for the CLM signature, and demonstrated that overexpression of LEF1, but not SPP1, in the primary CRC tissues correlates with a statistically significant increased risk of CLM, albeit its sensitivity and specificity in predicting liver metastasis were modest.