Conversely, some tissues did not show the presence of the activated K-rasG12D allele, such as the pancreas, which explains why tumours of this tissue were never observed despite being seen in other studies 33 and oncogenic K-RAS being a known inducer of pancreatic neoplasia (over 90% of cases of pancreatic cancer show mutations in K-RAS38). Here, KRAS is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.