AGER and diabetes mellitus: In addition to advanced glycation end products in diabetes, HMGB1 signals through the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors, leading to activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducing the expression of various leukocyte adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines [5-8].