Indeed, general disturbances of the transcriptome in A-EDMD and X-EDMD patient muscle have been reported using microarrays [10], with a number of signal transduction pathways being affected including Rb1/MyoD, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and TGFβ/Smad [10], [54]–[57]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.