Indeed, general disturbances of the transcriptome in A-EDMD and X-EDMD patient muscle have been reported using microarrays [10], with a number of signal transduction pathways being affected including Rb1/MyoD, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and TGFβ/Smad [10], [54]–[57]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.