NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: Among the autoinflammatory syndromes, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) are conditions associated with mutations of the NLRP3 gene, also known as CIAS1 or PYPAF1, a key component of the inflammasome directly involved in the mechanism of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) processing and secretion.