CXCL1 and infection: Furthermore, cytokine analysis showed that the IFN-γR−/− mice had significantly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6), IL-12p40, IL-17, and chemokine (G-CSF and CXCL1) production compared to WT mice during infection with C. neoformans strain H99γ (Figure 3B).