Some of the important genes whose expression was modulated by these compounds included those of proteasome, protein kinase, tumor necrosis factor (inflammation), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, nuclear DNA-binding protein (ageing), glycogen synthase kinase, glutathione S-transferase (cardiovascular), RAS guanyl releasing protein 3, and Jun oncogene (cancer) (Table 4). Here, TNF is linked to cancer.