Whilst miR-101 has not been studied in the context of inflammation or oncogenic predisposition in Barrett's oesophagus before, we chose to study it in this context because IL-1β levels are elevated in Barrett's oesophagus mucosa from patients with medically vs surgically treated reflux [6], IL-1β positively regulates COX-2 [23], and COX-2 is negatively regulated by miR-101 [11,12]. Here, IL1B is linked to Barrett esophagus.