Less is known about the effects of BIN1 and PICALM on Aβ or tau metabolism: BIN1 function may affect risk for AD by altering neuronal membranes and clathrin mediated synaptic vessel formation [8], [11] and changes in PICALM function result in perturbation at the synapse, possibly altering synaptic vesicle cycling and leading to altered risk for AD [12], [13]. This evidence concerns the gene PICALM and Alzheimer disease.