As ARMS forms protein complex with Trk receptor tyrosine kinases or p75 neurotrophin receptor, and can transduce neurotrophin-mediated signalling that leads to ERK activation (Kong et al, 2001; Chang et al, 2004; Arevalo et al, 2004, 2006), it is interesting to identify that expression of neurotrophin, neurotrophin receptors, and phospho-ERK1/2 increases in a stage-specific trend during melanoma progression, just as ARMS does as shown in this study (Brocker et al, 1991; Easty et al, 1995; Walch et al, 1999; Innominato et al, 2001; Shonukan et al, 2003; Smalley, 2003; Zhuang et al, 2005). The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is melanoma.