ACE and endothelial dysfunction: It is also known that endothelial dysfunction associates with an increased rate of cerebrovascular ischemic events, and genetic factors (such as angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphisms, and von Willebrand factor activity) which increase the susceptibility of endothelial dysfunction have been linked to migraine [21, 22].